The book explores the application of artificial intelligence across various human–machine interfaces, addressing areas such as human attention, emotions, seizures, Alzheimer’s disease, focal and non-focal disorders, electrocardiogram rhythms, abnormal heartbeats, and leukemia. It provides a thorough examination of techniques for analyzing and processing both physiological and physical signals, as well as smear blood images. Physiological signals discussed include electroencephalograms (EEGs), electrocardiograms (ECGs), and electronic health records (EHRs), while physical signals encompass human speech. Serving as a comprehensive guide, the book delves into advanced signal processing techniques and the use of machine learning and deep learning for automated signal pre-processing and classification. Part of IOP Series in Artificial Intelligence in the Biomedical Sciences.